The application of nuclear physics goes beyond the field of nuclear power. It also plays a prominent role in the medical field--In fact, in oncology (cancer treatment), nuclear physics provides the basis for operations. This page seeks to explain the background behind the treatment process.

To the left is a picture of a typical Linear Accelerator (LinAc) that is used to treat patients. Electron rays are generated in the back of the machine through a radioactive source, typically uranium, and they are accelerated through the machine (hence the term accelerator) through the use of waves. Then, electrons "ride" the wave much like a surfer would, which allows them to reach tremendous speeds up to .998 c (c=the speed of light).

They zoom along the LinAc until they near the end of the tube. When the rays near the end of the accelerator, a magnet is used to bend them 270 degrees into the direction of the treatment. The bending process negligibly decreases the speed of the electrons, allowing them to reach the patient at their accelerated speed.

When the beams come through, they may be adjusted to hit tungsten buttons, which will produce x-rays, which can be used for other forms of treatment. X-rays are typically used for treatment in deeper parts of a patient's body, due to their properties. Electrons (α radiation), due to their slight masses, are only able to penetrate slightly, and thus are mainly used for treating near the surface. Protons, which can also be produced, have larger masses then electrons. When protons enter the patient's body, they will go to a certain depth, and then they will disintegrate, causing a dramatic spike of energy in that area, making them useful for treating deeper areas.